It is interesting to note that a number of studies have also indicated that when CHD does develop in physically active individuals, it occurs at a later age and tends to be less severe (Haskell et al., 1992). This positive influence of exercise is independent of other CHD risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, or family history of CHD. An analysis of the data from over 40 studies (referred to as a meta-analysis) by Berlin and Colditz (1990) indicated that CHD is 1.9 times more likely to develop in sedentary individuals than in physically active persons. People who are more active develop less CHD than their inactive counterparts. Recent research suggests that physical activity in childhood is a determinant of physical activity as an adult (Powell & Sysinger, 1987). As many as 60% of children in the United States exhibit at least one modifiable adult risk factor for coronary heart disease by the age of 12 (Berenson et al., 1980). The goals for our nation's CHD interventions need to be directed to youth and adults, as there is resounding evidence which demonstrates that atherosclerosis begins in early childhood. The annual costs associated with CHD range from $41.5 to $56 billion (Lenfant, 1992). Atherosclerosis involves a gradual buildup and deposition of fat and plaque on the inner lining of the coronary arteries. CHD is caused by a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle, resulting from a degenerative disorder known as atherosclerosis. Yet CHD is still the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women. Department of Health and Human Services (1988), deaths from CHD have dropped 42% between 19. The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) has declined considerably over the last 25 years.
The aim of this paper is to present an overview on the health benefits of physical activity and exercise in order for the exercise instructor, personal trainer, and health promotion specialist to better educate their clients (and future clients) about the advantages of compliance to an active way of life. In a 1985 National Health Interview Survey, only 7.6% of persons in the United States exercised at the level recommended to attain cardiopulmonary benefits (Caspersen, Christenson, & Pollard, 1985). Despite the merits of physical activity towards better health, 25% of the population over 18 report no physical activity, with inactivity rates especially high in older age groups, and only 1 person out of 5 (20%) reports physical activity for at least 30 minutes, five or more times a week (USDHHS, 1990). Physical activity and fitness are essential components of this plan. The three broad goals from this report are : 1) to increase the span of healthy life for Americans, 2) to reduce health disparities among Americans, and 3) to achieve access to preventive services for all Americans. The United States Department of Health and Human Services has defined our nation's public health agenda for the 1990's with the release of Healthy People 2000 (1990), the national health promotion and disease prevention objectives. exercise physiologists, personal trainers, and health promotion professionals).
Caspersen 1984 physical activity definition professional#
In addition, a more health conscious community has developed markets of professional health services (e.g. This preoccupation in improving one's own health has spawned a host of health products, diet books, exercise videos, and fitness clubs. It is commonly acknowledged in the science community and with the American public that physical activity and exercise exert a positive impact on many aspects of health.
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